心脏“报警灯”——心绞痛三分钟速读
一、心绞痛是什么？
简单说，就是心脏“饿”。冠状动脉变窄，血流不够心肌吃，活动时出现胸骨后压榨样疼痛，可放射到左肩、下颌，休息3～5分钟就好。如果疼痛持续20分钟以上，就可能升级为心肌梗死，要立即拨打120。
二、谁容易“饿”心？
“三高”、吸烟、肥胖、长期熬夜、情绪易爆点，都是高危名单。寒冷、饱餐、剧烈运动常是导火索。
三、如何快速判断？
典型：上楼、搬重物时胸骨后闷痛，休息即缓。
不典型：仅牙痛、后背酸胀，尤其女性和糖尿病患者。
自测：含服硝 酸甘油1片，1～2分钟缓解，高度提示心绞痛。
四、处方“三支箭”
① 急救：硝 酸甘油舌下含服，5分钟不见效再服1片，最多3次。
② 治本：阿司匹林抗栓、他汀降脂、β阻滞剂减耗氧。
③ 中医协同：若胸闷刺痛、心悸乏力，辨证属“气虚血瘀”，可在医生指导下加用稳心颗粒。
顽固狭窄可行支架或搭桥，但术后仍需长期服药。
五、日常“护心四件套”
• 饮食：餐盘一半蔬菜、四分之一粗粮、四分之一优质蛋白，限盐≤5克/天。
• 运动：每天30分钟快走或骑车，心率控制在（170-年龄）以内。
• 戒烟酒：戒烟1年，风险降一半；红酒也不推荐。
• 监测：血压每周、血脂每3个月、血糖每半年复查一次。
心绞痛是心脏的“求救灯”，别等灯变红才行动；早识别、勤养护、遵医嘱，就能把心梗挡在门外。
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