心脏“报警灯”——心绞痛三分钟速读
一、心绞痛是什么?
简单说,就是心脏“饿”。冠状动脉变窄,血流不够心肌吃,活动时出现胸骨后压榨样疼痛,可放射到左肩、下颌,休息3~5分钟就好。如果疼痛持续20分钟以上,就可能升级为心肌梗死,要立即拨打120。
二、谁容易“饿”心?
“三高”、吸烟、肥胖、长期熬夜、情绪易爆点,都是高危名单。寒冷、饱餐、剧烈运动常是导火索。
三、如何快速判断?
典型:上楼、搬重物时胸骨后闷痛,休息即缓。
不典型:仅牙痛、后背酸胀,尤其女性和糖尿病患者。
自测:含服硝 酸甘油1片,1~2分钟缓解,高度提示心绞痛。
四、处方“三支箭”
① 急救:硝 酸甘油舌下含服,5分钟不见效再服1片,最多3次。
② 治本:阿司匹林抗栓、他汀降脂、β阻滞剂减耗氧。
③ 中医协同:若胸闷刺痛、心悸乏力,辨证属“气虚血瘀”,可在医生指导下加用稳心颗粒。
顽固狭窄可行支架或搭桥,但术后仍需长期服药。
五、日常“护心四件套”
• 饮食:餐盘一半蔬菜、四分之一粗粮、四分之一优质蛋白,限盐≤5克/天。
• 运动:每天30分钟快走或骑车,心率控制在(170-年龄)以内。
• 戒烟酒:戒烟1年,风险降一半;红酒也不推荐。
• 监测:血压每周、血脂每3个月、血糖每半年复查一次。
心绞痛是心脏的“求救灯”,别等灯变红才行动;早识别、勤养护、遵医嘱,就能把心梗挡在门外。

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