给心脏“修路”，更要“护路”
如果把心脏比作发动机，冠状动脉就是为发动机供油的管道。当管道因“生锈”（动脉粥样硬化）变窄、堵塞，心肌就会缺血缺氧，这就是冠心病。胸痛、胸闷、活动后气短是最常见的信号，有人形容像“胸口压了块石头”，也有人仅表现为牙疼、左肩酸——别忽视，这可能是心脏在“报警”。
为什么会“生锈”？
三高（高血压、高血脂、高血糖）是头号元凶；抽烟让血管痉挛；久坐、肥胖、熬夜、情绪紧张则像催化剂，加速斑块形成。斑块一旦破裂，血小板蜂拥而至，几分钟内就能堵死血管，引发心肌梗死。
“修路”三步曲
急救：胸痛持续15分钟不缓解，立即拨打120。黄金120分钟内开通血管，可挽救大量心肌。
药物：心悸明显者，医生有时会加用稳心颗。
手术：支架或搭桥，把狭窄处撑开或另建“高架桥”，但术后仍需终身服药，防止再堵。
护路”日常守则
• 饮食：餐盘一半蔬菜、四分之一全谷物、四分之一优质蛋白（鱼、豆、鸡胸），每天一把坚果，限盐≤5克。
• 运动：每周150分钟快走或游泳，强度以“微微气喘但能说话”为准。
• 戒烟：戒烟1年，冠心病风险下降50%。
• 心理：每天10分钟深呼吸或正念冥想，降低交感神经兴奋。
• 监测：三高人群每月查血压、每3个月查血脂、每半年查糖化血红蛋白，指标异常及时调整。
记住，冠心病可防可控。给心脏修路重要，护路更重要。从今天开始，少抽一支烟、多走一站路、早睡一小时，就是对血管最好的“养护剂”。
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