白内障是常见的致盲性眼病，手术是唯一有效的治疗方法。
随着眼科技术的进步，白内障手术方式不断革新，从传统的囊外摘除术到现代的超声乳化手术，再到最新的飞秒激光辅助手术，每种手术方式都有其特点和适应症。那么，应该如何选择呢？记者采访了爱尔眼科北京特区副总院长郝燕生教授。
郝燕生教授介绍，目前主要有两种手术方式：
超声乳化手术是目前最常用的白内障手术方式。该手术通过微小切口，利用超声波将混浊的晶状体乳化吸除，然后植入人工晶状体。手术时间短，恢复快，术后散光小，适合大多数白内障患者。
飞秒激光辅助白内障手术是近年来的新技术。该手术使用飞秒激光完成角膜切口、前囊膜切开和晶状体核分割等关键步骤，提高了手术的精准性和安全性。特别适合复杂病例和对视觉质量要求高的患者。
飞秒激光辅助白内障手术适用于能够配合手术流程、角膜清晰、眼睑裂隙正常的患者。与传统白内障手术相比，更精准、更安全，在以下方面具有明显优势：
1. 硬核白内障：对于硬核白内障，可显著减少超声乳化时间和能量，降低术后角膜水肿和内皮细胞损失。
2. 功能性人工晶体植入：可确保前囊膜切开的精准性，保证人工晶体位置居中稳定，提高术后视觉质量。
3. 特殊眼部条件：浅前房、全白白内障、Fuchs角膜内皮营养不良等特殊情况下，能有效降低手术风险，提高安全性。
郝燕生教授建议，患者应选择正规医院，与专业医生充分沟通，全面评估患者情况，权衡利弊，制定个性化手术方案。
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