随着新能源车辆的渗透率逐年增大,电动汽车的使用安全需要得到关注。研究表明,由于我国复杂多变的道路环境,底部刮蹭和撞击引起的电池包受损是造成电动汽车起火的重要原因之一。据了解,绝大多数纯电动汽车的动力电池包都采用滑板式的结构形式,并将动力蓄电池布置在车辆底盘。这种结构形式在车辆操纵性、轻量化和设计自由度等方面具有一定的优点,但也使得电池包容易受到地面异物的冲击。在碰撞严重的情况下,过量的变形可能使电池隔膜受损破裂或被刺穿、引起内部短路,进而引发电池高温并伴随漏液,泄漏出大量可燃气体,导致起火、爆炸事故的发生。为了解决电动汽车使用过程中的痛点问题,推动提升我国电动汽车安全性能,中汽测评在2024版C-NCAP中首次增加了电动汽车刮底试验测评项目,这也使得C-NCAP成为全球第一个引入该项目的NCAP体系。整车刮底试验示意图据介绍,电动汽车刮底试验作为选做项,适用于电池包布置在乘员舱外的纯电动汽车,包括整车刮底试验和台车刮底试验两个部分。整车刮底试验中,试验车辆以30-31km/h的速度撞击直径为150mm的球形壁障。球形壁障顶端与碰撞目标部件中心线重合,且垂直方向位于电池包前端底面上方30-34mm位置处,通过试验检查是否存在电池包起火爆炸、电池包绝缘电阻、电解液泄露、浸水等问题。台车刮底试验C-NCAP立足于中国场景,响应广大消费者的关切,旨在通过引入电动汽车刮底试验项目,为消费者选车用车提供更多有价值的参考。广大消费者可通过中汽测评官方渠道,关注C-NCAP测试车型结果,了解相关车型的安全性能表现。
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